NELSON MANDELA: LONG WALK TO FREEDOM
CLASS TEN ENGLISH ALL QUESTION ANSWER FULLY SOLVED
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| NELSON MANDELA LONG WALK TO FREEDOM |
NELSON MANDELA
LONG WALK TO
FREEDOM
ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK
Q.1 Where did the ceremonies take
place? Can you name any public building in India that made of sandstone?
Ans- The ceremonies took place in a lovely sandstone
amphitheater formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria.
There are many famous public
buildings made up of sandstone one of such is The Red fort.
Q.2 Can you say how 10 May is an
‘autumn day’ in South Africa?
Ans- South Africa is located in the Southern Hemisphere, so
autumn falls in the month of May. Thus 10 May is an autumn day in South Africa.
Q.3 At the beginning of his speech,
Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster” what does he mean by this?
What is the “glorious…….human achievement” he speaks of at the end?
Ans- ‘’an extraordinary human disaster’’ that Mandela
mentioned was the practice of apartheid that was followed in South Africa. This
practice segregated human society on the basis of race and skin colour. It
denied black people all the constitutional rights while allowing white-skinned people to rule over them.
The end
of apartheid leading to the establishment of a newly formed democratic government
was the ‘’glorious…human achievement’’ that Mandela speaks of at the end of his
speech. The democratic election of South Africa that leads to their first black
president was indeed ‘’glorious human achievement’’
Q.4 What does Mandela thank
international leaders for?
Ans- Nelson Mandela thanked all the distinguished
international leaders for taking part in the ceremony with the people of South Africa
for celebrating the newly formed democracy which was after all a common victory
for justice, for peace, for human dignity.
Q.5 What ideals does he sent out for
the future of South Africa?
Ans- Nelson Mandela has high hopes about the future of the
newly formed South Africa. He set ideals that he hopes will help the nation to
prosper. He sat ideals like poverty alleviation, a society without deprivation
and sufferings, and no discrimination of any kind.
Q.6 What do the military generals
do? How has their attitude changed and why?
Ans- The military generals of South African defense forces
and police salute Mandela and pledge their loyalty towards the newly formed
South African Nation which is free from any kind of discrimination.
Due to
the abolition of the apartheid the attitude of the military generals changed,
during the period of apartheid, the law was biased and the black-skinned
people, especially those who stood up against apartheid were treated as
outlaws. In that situation, Mandela would have been arrested by military
officials. But in the new nation where there is no discrimination and Mandela
was chosen as the president by the people of the nation, the same military
officials now salute him.
Q.7 Why were the two national
anthems sung?
The two national anthems were sung to show mutual acceptance
and harmony among the races of the nation. The anthem of the black’s was sung
by the whites and vice-versa. It was
also a symbol of people’s intent to build a multicultural nation devoid of any
kind of discrimination.
Q.8 how did Mandela describe the
system of government (i) in the first decade and the (ii) final decade of the
twentieth century.
Ans-In the first decade of the twentieth century there was
discrimination and biasness in the laws, blacks were treated differently and
disgracefully. There was a custom of apartheid. But the final decade of the twentieth century is completely different, due to the sacrifice of many South
African Patriots the country achieved freedom from the inhumane custom of
apartheid, and that society is replaced by a system of a free society that was
recognized the rights of all people, irrespective of their race and creed.
Q.9 What is courage mean to
Mandela?
Ans- According to Mandela courage does not mean the absence
of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel
afraid, but he who conquers that fear.
Q.10 Which does he think is natural,
to love or to hate?
Ans- According to Nelson Mandela, love comes more naturally
to human beings as no one is born hating another person on the basis of his
skin, or his background, or his race that means people learn to hate and it is
not natural to hate other people.
Q.11 What “twin obligation” does
Mandela mention?
Ans- Mandela talked about twin obligations, the first one is
towards the members of the family- parents, wife, and children; and the second
one is towards his people, his community, and his country.
Q.12 What
did being free mean to Mandela as a boy and as a student? How does he contrast
these “transitory freedoms” with the basic honorable freedoms?
Ans- As a boy, Mandela
thought, to be free means the freedom to run in the fields near his mother’s
hut, to swim in the clear stream that ran through his village, to roast mealies
under the stars, and ride on slow-moving bulls on the other hand freedom to
Mandela as a student means the liberty to stay out at night, read, whatever he
wanted to read and roam to places of his choice. As Mandela grew he realized
that, these were all temporary freedoms, and the desire for basic honorable
freedom came to him with youth. These included a desire to do all that he had
the potential ability to do, to earn his own living, to get married and have a
family- and do what he could do in living a life that was lawful.
Q.13
Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/why not?
Ans- Mandela believes that
like the oppressed the oppressor too is not free. Being able to the oppress is
not free. In being able to oppress another human being, one already is joined
behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness; and in taking away
someone’s freedom the oppressor himself becomes a prisoner of hatred.
Textual Exercise
Q.1 Why did such a large number of
international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph
of?
Ans- There was an inhumane custom of apartheid that prevailed in South Africa. It made black people of South Africa suffer a lot of
inhumane behavior and discrimination as well from whites during the first
decade of the twentieth century. This has caused the international community to shun
and boycott the nation. However after the years of struggle by the locals, led
by Nelson Mandela apartheid come to an end, and the democratic election was held
and Nelson Mandela’s party won the election and he was sworn in as the first
black president of the country. To celebrate the end of apartheid, to respect
the democratically elected president, and to declare that South Africa is now
accepted as a part of the international community, the international leaders attend
the inauguration.
It
signified the triumph of humanity and justice over unjust and social
discrimination.
Q.2 What does Mandela mean when he says he is simply “simply the sum
of all those Africans patriots” who had gone before
Ans-
South Africa got free from the inhumane custom of apartheid under the
leadership of Nelson Mandela. But before him thousands of African patriots had
laid down their lives fighting against apartheid, Mandela says he is the
representative of all those African patriots, to signify that the victory over
the apartheid is the result of the cumulative effort of all of them who had
gone before him fighting apartheid and thus he is simply the sum of all those
African patriots.
Q.3 would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights
of character” how does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own examples
to this argument?
Ans-
Yes, I agree with Mandela that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of
character”. Mandela illustrate this by giving the example of how years and
years of oppression and brutality in South Africa had produced many great
leaders who had extraordinary courage, wisdom and generosity. He intends to say
that the more severe the brutality has now become a thing of the past, so the
chances of seeing such people have been diminished.
The Indian struggle for
independence too gave birth many freedom fighters whose courage and wisdom
remain unmatched till today. the greater the oppression by the British, the
more was the resilience and greater and the greater was the determination of
the Indians to free themselves of bondage.
Q.4 How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and
experience?
Ans-
As a child freedom to Mandela means playing freely, swimming in clean streams, and roasting his own meals freely. As he grew up, he understood real freedom
means not to be obstructed in any way in living a lawful life, and he found
that neither he nor his people were truly free as their freedom to live with
dignity and respect has been snatched away by the apartheid following white
government.
Q.5 How did Mandela’s hunger for freedom change his life?
Ans-
During Mandela’s youth he realized that his people were not free, due to the inhumane custom of apartheid, and they were discriminated against by the white government
of that time. So, he joined African National Congress. He was now an awakened human
being with a serious purpose, then his hunger for his own freedom become a hunger
for the freedom of his people. This hunger transformed him from a frightened young
man to a bold one, from a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal, that
compelled him who was a family loving man to a man without a home, it has also transformed
a life-loving young man to live like a monk.
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